合 Duplicating an Active Database
duplicate体系结构
搞点英语出来吧，英语不好的哥们就好好翻译翻译吧，这段英语是必须看懂的。。。。
You can duplicate a source database to a destination database, which can be on the same or different computers. The database instance associated with the duplicate database is called the auxiliary instance. All duplication techniques require a connection to the auxiliary instance. The diagram shows you the following techniques for database duplication:
- From an active database, connected to the target and auxiliary instances
- From backup, connected to the target and auxiliary instances
- From backup, connected to the auxiliary instance, not connected to the target, but with recovery catalog connection
- From backup, connected to the auxiliary instance, not connected to the target and the recovery catalog
Choosing a technique to duplicate your database—always with connection to the auxiliary instance:
简单点就是 ①基于备份 ，而基于备份又分为3种情况 ②基于活动数据库
本次实验简介
本次实验就是基于active database的duplicate技术。
Active database duplication 通过网络，直接copy target 库到auxiliary 库，然后创建复制库。 这种方法就不需要先用RMAN 备份数据库，然后将备份文件发送到auxiliary端。这个功能的作用是非常大的。 尤其是对T级别的库。 因为对这样的库进行备份，然后将备份集发送到备库，在进行duplicate 的代价是非常大的。 一备份要占用时间，二要占用备份空间，三在网络传送的时候，还需要占用带宽和时间。所以Active database duplicate 很好的解决了以上的问题。 它对大库的迁移非常有用。
本次实验原理
环境及搭建要求
环境：
- 源数据库和目标数据库服务器：RHEL6.5
- RMAN客户端：windows 7 系统下的rman client
- source host ： 192.168.59.129 sid：orcl database：11gR2
- Destination host ：192.168.59.133 sid：orcl database：11gR2
注意事项说明：
- 这里的duplicate database 和 source database 的目录结构完全一样
- 源数据库和辅助数据库的几种不同名称：source/target database ---->>>>>----- (destination host)/duplicate database (auxiliary instance)
- 这里我利用了windows下的rman client来连接目标和辅助数据库，当然也可以利用目标库或者辅助库的rman client来操作
- 目标数据库应该处于归档模式
source database环境：
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
对辅助数据库的要求
辅助数据库应该提前安装好数据库，配置好环境变量。。。。。你懂的。。。。
辅助数据库的环境变量配置：
[root@rhel6 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ more .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
export PATH=$PATH:/sbin/:$HOME/bin
# for oracle user
unset USERNAME
export GLOBAL_DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=192.168.59.133
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
umask 022
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'
alias alert_log='tail -200f $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLESID/trace/alert$ORACLE_SID.log'
alias alert_xml='tail -200f $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/alert/log.xml'
alias alert_listener='tail -200f $ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/trace/listener.log'
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$
正式开始
duplicate database 设置
首先在duplicate database上进行设置：
创建pfile 参数文件
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$ ll -h
total 4.0K
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2.8K May 15 2009 init.ora
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$ more initorcl.ora
DB_NAME=orcl
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$
截图：
创建密码文件
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapworcl password=lhr
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$ ll -h
total 12K
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2.8K May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 13 Jul 20 16:03 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5K Jul 20 16:09 orapworcl
[oracle@rhel6 dbs]$
创建和source database的数据文件相关的目录结构
[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 17:14 checkpoints
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 16:04 product
[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$
不然在duplicate时会报如下错误：
ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
启动Auxiliary 到nomout 状态
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Jul 20 16:48:04 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 217157632 bytes
Fixed Size 2211928 bytes
Variable Size 159387560 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5226496 bytes
SQL>
在Target 和Auxiliary 都配置Oracle Net（Listener.ora and tnsnames.ora）
注意：
- 对于Listener.ora 的配置需要配置成静态监听，何谓静态监听？？？哈哈百度吧。。。。
- target和auxiliary都需要配置listener.ora和tnsnames.ora
- 如果rman client不在target和auxiliary库上，那么也应该配置tnsnames.ora的
target database配置：
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.129)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl.lhr.com)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = rman.lhr.com)
(SID_NAME = rman)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ more tnsnames.ora
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.129)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.lhr.com)
)
)
lhr_dup =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.133)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
auxiliary database 配置：
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.133)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ more tnsnames.ora
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.129)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.lhr.com)
)
)
lhr_dup =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.133)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
测试网络是否配置好
配置好网络后，首先测试一下源数据库和duplicate数据库是否可以连接上，如果不能正常连接说明listener和tnsnames没有配置正确：
----------------源数据库
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus sys/lhr@orcl as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 7月 20 17:55:58 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>exit
----------------duplicate数据库
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus sys/lhr@lhr_dup as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 7月 20 17:41:28 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
从 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 断开
如果没有配置好的话，可能在后边执行duplicate命令的时候报错：
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: Duplicate Db 命令 (在 07/20/2014 17:28:11 上) 失败
RMAN-03015: 在存储的脚本Memory Script中出现错误
RMAN-03009: backup 命令 (ORA_DISK_1 通道上, 在 07/20/2014 17:28:11 上) 失败
ORA-17629: 无法连接到远程数据库服务器
ORA-17627: ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符
ORA-17629: 无法连接到远程数据库服务器
开始RMAN duplicate from active database
注意：如果target 和 Auxiliary库的目录结构相同，记得加上nofilenamecheck参数，不然会报如下错误：
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database
这里我利用的是本机电脑，即windows 7 系统上的rman client 来演示的。。。。。
C:\Users\Administrator>rman target sys/lhr@orcl auxiliary sys/lhr@lhr_dup
恢复管理器: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期日 7月 20 17:46:11 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
连接到目标数据库: ORCL (DBID=1379935487)
已连接到辅助数据库: ORCL (未装载)
RMAN> duplicate target database to orcl from active database nofilenamecheck;
启动 Duplicate Db 于 20-7月 -14
使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录
分配的通道: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
通道 ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=19 设备类型=DISK
内存脚本的内容:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''ORCL'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''ORCL'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/cntrlorcl.dbf';
alter clone database mount;
}
正在执行内存脚本
sql 语句: alter system set db_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql 语句: alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle 实例已关闭
