RAC主库配置单实例ActiveDataguard

这里配置的过程中需要注意的一项是多看看rac1和rac2以及dg的告警日志会对配置过程有更深刻的理解。。。配置oracle rac的dg环境说白了首先将主库的数据恢复到从库上，然后在主从库上配置一些DG需要用到的参数

注意：

1. 由于DG是以DB_UNIQUE_NAME作为区分数据库标识的，因此主从库的该参数一定要不同以做区分。但是数据库名db_name必须一致以便主从切换时方便
2. Standby库只需要安装数据库软件，不必创建数据库
3. 主从库的数据库软件大版本必须一致，且必须是企业版数据库EE

RAC主库准备工作

该步骤主要是① 将rac主库修改为归档+forcelogging模式 ② 利用rman备份db、archivelog、control file 、pfile 和口令文件

①RAC主库必须置为归档模式：

和下一步一起做

②RAC主库必须置为ForceLogging模式：

alter database force logging;

alter database archivelog; ---归档模式下修改

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR

--------- -------------------- ------------ ---

RACDB READ WRITE NOARCHIVELOG YES

RACDB READ WRITE NOARCHIVELOG YES

SQL> exit

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Oct 3 15:30:17 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes

Fixed Size 2232472 bytes

Variable Size 532680552 bytes

Database Buffers 247463936 bytes

Redo Buffers 2621440 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> select name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR

--------- -------------------- ------------ ---

RACDB MOUNTED NOARCHIVELOG YES

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>

SQL> select name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR

--------- -------------------- ------------ ---

RACDB READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG YES

RACDB READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG YES

SQL>

③RAC主库执行RMAN全备：

run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

allocate channel c4 type disk;

backup database format '/rmanbackup/FULL%U.bak';

backup archivelog all format '/rmanbackup/ARC%U.bak';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

release channel c4;

}

④RAC主库执行创建物理备库控制文件：

Rman下：backup device type disk format '/rmanbackup/standby%U.ctl' current controlfile for standby;

或：SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘/dats/backup/standby.ctl’

⑤RAC主库创建物理备库初始化参数文件：

SQL> create pfile ='/rman_backup/initphydb.ora' from spfile;

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora

SQL>

SQL> show parameter cluster_database

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

cluster_database boolean TRUE

cluster_database_instances integer 2

SQL>

⑥RAC主库修改口令文件，使双节点SYS用户口令一致：

最好是将其中一个口令文件复制到另外一个节点上，最后复制到dg下，确保口令文件是一样的

物理备库准备工作

①FTP主库备份文件+备库控制文件+备库参数文件至物理备库服务器：

将备份文件全部传递到dg库：

----rac1

scp /rman_backup/* oracle@192.168.59.140:/rman_backup/

scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwracdb1 oracle@192.168.59.140:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwphydb

②物理备库创建口令文件：

上一步已做，不需要创建了

③物理备库初始化参数文件修改：

----------dg

[oracle@dg rman_backup]$ cp initphydb.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

[oracle@dg rman_backup]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

这个是比较重要的步骤，我把行号弄出来了，当然写的时候是没有前边的行号的

物理备库初始化参数文件修改：

1. phydb.__db_cache_size=255852544
2. phydb.__java_pool_size=4194304
3. phydb.__large_pool_size=4194304
4. phydb.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE environment from set
5. phydb.__pga_aggregate_target=419430400
6. phydb.__sga_target=423624704
7. phydb.__shared_io_pool_size=0
8. phydb.__shared_pool_size=146800640
9. phydb.__streams_pool_size=0
10. *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/phydb/adump'
11. *.audit_trail='db'
12. *.cluster_database=false
13. *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
14. *.control_files='+DATA/phydb/controlfile/cont.ctl'
15. *.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phydb/cdump'
16. *.db_block_size=8192
17. *.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
18. *.db_domain=''
19. *.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/','+DATA/phydb/'
20. *.db_name='racdb'
21. *.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA'
22. *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
23. *.db_unique_name='phydb'
24. *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
25. *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=phydbXDB)'
26. *.fal_client='phydb'
27. *.fal_server='racdb1','racdb2'
28. *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(racdb,phydb)'
29. *.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=phydb'
30. *.log_archive_dest_2='service=racdb1 valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=racdb'
31. *.log_archiveformat='ARC%t%S%r.arc'
32. *.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/','+DATA/phydb/'
33. *.memory_target=842006528
34. *.open_cursors=300
35. *.processes=150
36. *.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
37. *.service_names='phydb'
38. *.standby_file_management='auto'
39. *.thread=1
40. *.undo_management='auto'
41. *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

[oracle@dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/phydb/adump

[oracle@dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phydb/cdump

[oracle@dg dbs]$

[grid@dg ~]$ asmcmd

ASMCMD> ls

DATA/

FRA/

GRIDDG/

ASMCMD> cd DATA

ASMCMD> ls

ASMCMD> mkdir phydb

ASMCMD> ls

phydb/

ASMCMD>

④配置RAC主库，物理备库的tnsnames.ora文件：

将以下内容复制到rac1，rac2和dg库：

racdb =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.139)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = racdb.lhr.com)

)

)

racdb1 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.135)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = racdb.lhr.com)

(INSTANCE_NAME = racdb1)

)

)

racdb2 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.136)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = racdb.lhr.com)

(INSTANCE_NAME = racdb2)

)

)

phydb =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.140)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = phydb)

)

)

验证一下：

分别在3个库上执行：

sqlplus sys/lhr@racdb as sysdba

sqlplus sys/lhr@racdb1 as sysdba

sqlplus sys/lhr@racdb2 as sysdba

确保3个库可以连接

创建物理备库

①物理备库启动NOMOUNT状态：

startup nomount

[oracle@dg dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Oct 25 20:12:54 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes

Fixed Size 2233000 bytes

Variable Size 574623064 bytes

Database Buffers 260046848 bytes

Redo Buffers 2379776 bytes

SQL>

②RMAN恢复备库控制文件：

[oracle@dg dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Oct 3 19:06:52 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: RACDB (not mounted)

RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/rman_backup/standby_0tpk53jq_1_1.ctl';

Starting restore at 2014-10-03 19:06:55

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=16 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

output file name=+DATA/phydb/controlfile/cont.ctl

Finished restore at 2014-10-03 19:07:22

RMAN>

③MOUNT物理备库：

SQL> alter database mount;

或rman下：

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN>

④RMAN restore物理备库：

run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

allocate channel c4 type disk;

restore database ;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

release channel c4;

}

RMAN> restore database ;

Starting restore at 2014-10-03 19:13:48

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2014-10-03 19:13:48

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=32 device type=DISK

Crosschecked 6 objects

Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2014-10-03 19:13:49

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2014-10-03 19:13:49

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2014-10-03 19:13:49

searching for all files in the recovery area

cataloging files...

no files cataloged

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to +DATA/phydb/datafile/system.256.859849357

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to +DATA/phydb/datafile/users.259.859849357

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to +DATA/phydb/datafile/example.264.859849549

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rman_backup/FULL_0npk5395_1_1.bak

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rman_backup/FULL_0npk5395_1_1.bak tag=TAG20141003T164524

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:04:23

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to +DATA/phydb/datafile/sysaux.257.859849357

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to +DATA/phydb/datafile/undotbs1.258.859849357

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to +DATA/phydb/datafile/undotbs2.265.859849971

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rman_backup/FULL_0opk53c4_1_1.bak

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rman_backup/FULL_0opk53c4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20141003T164524

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45

Finished restore at 2014-10-03 19:20:01

RMAN>

⑤备库上创建standbylogfile：

set line 9999

set pagesize 9999

col name format a100

select 'datafile' , name from v$datafile

union

select 'controlfile', name from v$controlfile

union

select 'logfile', member from v$logfile;

-----dg库

SQL> select name from v$datafile

2 union

3 select name from v$controlfile

4 union

5 select member from v$logfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+DATA/phydb/controlfile/cont.ctl

+DATA/phydb/datafile/example.258.860008433

+DATA/phydb/datafile/sysaux.260.860008695

+DATA/phydb/datafile/system.257.860008433

+DATA/phydb/datafile/undotbs1.261.860008697

+DATA/phydb/datafile/undotbs2.262.860008697

+DATA/phydb/datafile/users.259.860008435

+DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_1.261.859849493

+DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_2.262.859849495

+DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_3.266.859850179

+DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_4.267.859850183

+FRA/racdb/onlinelog/group_1.257.859849493

+FRA/racdb/onlinelog/group_2.258.859849495

+FRA/racdb/onlinelog/group_3.259.859850181

+FRA/racdb/onlinelog/group_4.260.859850187

15 rows selected.

SQL>

创建standbylogfile，这里的大小应根据主库的v$log中的bytes列来计算，这里为50M：

Select * from v$log;

--dg库执行：

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50M ,group 6 size 50M ,group 7 size 50M ;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50M ,group 9 size 50M ,group 10 size 50M ;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50M ,group 6 size 50M ,group 7 size 50M ;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50M ,group 9 size 50M ,group 10 size 50M ;

Database altered.

SQL>

创建完成后dg库查询：

select * from v$standby_log;

SQL> set linesize 1200

SQL> select * from v$standby_log;

GROUP# DBID THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE USED ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME LAST_CHANGE# LAST_TIME

---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ------------ ---------

5 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 NO UNASSIGNED

6 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 NO UNASSIGNED

7 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED

8 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 NO UNASSIGNED

9 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 NO UNASSIGNED

10 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED

6 rows selected.

SQL>

SQL> col member for a50

SQL> select * from v$logfile;

GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_

---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------- ---

2 ONLINE +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_2.270.860171617 NO

2 ONLINE +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_2.294.860171767 YES

1 ONLINE +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_1.269.860171391 NO

1 ONLINE +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_1.293.860171601 YES

3 ONLINE +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_3.271.860171811 NO

3 ONLINE +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_3.295.860171893 YES

4 ONLINE +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_4.272.860171905 NO

4 ONLINE +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_4.296.860172007 YES

5 STANDBY +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_5.263.860014755 NO

5 STANDBY +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_5.256.860014769 YES

6 STANDBY +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_6.264.860014775 NO

6 STANDBY +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_6.257.860014789 YES

7 STANDBY +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_7.265.860014795 NO

7 STANDBY +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_7.258.860014811 YES

8 STANDBY +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_8.266.860090543 NO

8 STANDBY +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_8.259.860090581 YES

9 STANDBY +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_9.267.860090607 NO

9 STANDBY +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_9.260.860090659 YES

10 STANDBY +DATA/phydb/onlinelog/group_10.268.860090669 NO

10 STANDBY +FRA/phydb/onlinelog/group_10.261.860090715 YES

20 rows selected.

SQL>

这里可能会报一个错误：

ORA-15041: diskgroup "DATA" space exhausted

就是磁盘不足，具体大家上网搜吧，解决办法就是添加磁盘，不详解了：

alter diskgroup DATA add disk '/dev/raw/raw5';

⑥主库参数调整：

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Oct 10 15:59:46 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora

SQL>

--rac1库执行即可

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=phydb lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=phydb' sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(racdb,phydb)' sid='*';

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=phydb lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=phydb' sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(racdb,phydb)' sid='*';

System altered.

SQL>

配置后的结果：

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest2 string service=phydb lgwr sync valid\

for=(online_logfiles,primary_r

ole) db_unique_name=phydb

SQL> show parameter log_archive_config

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_config string dg_config=(racdb,phydb)

SQL>

⑦备库接收主库日志：

SQL> select sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# NAME APPLIED

---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------

39 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_39.327.860599799 NO

40 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_40.328.860599799 NO

41 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_41.329.860599953 NO

49 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_1_seq_49.330.860600751 NO

50 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_1_seq_50.331.860600755 NO

51 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_1_seq_51.332.860600869 NO

42 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_42.333.860601127 NO

43 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_43.334.860601131 NO

44 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_44.335.860601415 NO

9 rows selected.

SQL>

这里如果备库无法顺利接收主库日志，则主库的alert日志中有如下提示：

------------------------------------------------------------

Check that the primary and standby are using a password file

and remote_login_passwordfile is set to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE,

and that the SYS password is same in the password files.

returning error ORA-16191

------------------------------------------------------------

PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'phydb'. Error is 16191.

Process J000 died, see its trace file

kkjcre1p: unable to spawn jobq slave process

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/racdb/racdb2/trace/racdb2_cjq0_14236.trc:

Process NSS2 died, see its trace file

Process J000 died, see its trace file

kkjcre1p: unable to spawn jobq slave process

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/racdb/racdb2/trace/racdb2_cjq0_14236.trc:

Error 443 for archive log file 3 to 'phydb'

LGWR: Failed to archive log 3 thread 2 sequence 25 (443)

Process O000 died, see its trace file

该节点的用户口令和备库的口令不一致，最好的办法是生成一份口令文件之后，然后将该口令文件拷贝到其它节点，重新生成口令有的时候也报错的

---- 3 个节点

orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwracdb2 password=lhr force=y

⑧备库开始应用日志：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

过几分钟后：

SQL> select sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# NAME APPLIED

---------- ---------------------------------------------------- ---------

39 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_39.327.860599799 YES

40 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_40.328.860599799 YES

41 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_41.329.860599953 YES

49 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_1_seq_49.330.860600751 YES

50 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_1_seq_50.331.860600755 YES

51 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_1_seq_51.332.860600869 YES

42 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_42.333.860601127 NO

43 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_43.334.860601131 NO

44 +FRA/phydb/archivelog/2014_10_10/thread_2_seq_44.335.860601415 NO

查询未应用redo的条数：

select COUNT(1) from v$archived_log a WHERE a.applied='NO';

SQL> select COUNT(1) from v$archived_log a WHERE a.applied='NO';

COUNT(1)

----------

35

SQL> select COUNT(1) from v$archived_log a WHERE a.applied='NO';

COUNT(1)

----------

35

SQL> select COUNT(1) from v$archived_log a WHERE a.applied='NO';

COUNT(1)

----------

1

OK，一切正常。。。

⑨备库以READONLY方式打开：

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

alter database open;

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SQL>

查询备库信息：

SQL> col name for a30

SQL> select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

DBID NAME CURRENT_SCN PROTECTION_MODE DATABASE_ROLE FOR OPEN_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS

---------- ------------------------------ ----------- -------------------- ---------------- --- -------------------- --------------------

857466254 RACDB 1871595 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE PHYSICAL STANDBY YES READ ONLY WITH APPLY NOT ALLOWED

SQL>

至此，我们已经顺利的给RAC主库配置ActivePhysicalDataguard成功！

其它附加内容

11g rman duplicate命令

注意：11g以前的版本在执行复制命令dupilicate时，必须在备库上存在有备份文件，即在主库上备份完成后将文件拷到备库相同目录下

但是在11g一切都变的简单，只需要在复制命令后加上FROM ACTIVE DATABASE参数即可。

例如为实现数据库的文件回复，可以执行命令：

$ rman target / auxiliary sys/herenit@racheren_standby

RMAN>duplicate target database for standby from active database;

如果原目录下有对应文件已经删除，但是数据字典中存在，可以使用nofilenamecheck参数取消对文件名的检查

RMAN>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

恢复完成以后，检查备库状态

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

创建standby redo log 日志

DATA Guard在最大保护和最高可用性模式下，Standby数据库必须配置 Standby Redo Log

备库创建并配置 Standby Redo Log 是为了能够接收到主库传过来的日志，用作恢复.

主库创建并配置 Standby Redo Log 是为了在主备切换之后，能够接收到原备库（切换之后的主库）传过来的日志

注意：为了主备切换后能正常，主备库都必须创建standby redo log

创建原则：建议Standby Redologs日志组数量基于Primary数据库的线程数来确定（这里的线程数可以理解为RAC环境中的节点数）。

有一个推荐的公式可供参考：（每线程的日志组数+1）×最大线程数。

使用这个公式可以降低Primary数据库实例LGWR进程锁住的可能性。

创建原则和单实例一样，大小相等，但是日志组数量要比primary数据库多一组，比如在我的环境中，有2个节点，每个节点有4组redo，那么现在要创建的standby redo log组数为：（4+1）*2=10个

Standby Redologs的操作方式与Online Redologs几乎一模一样，只不过在创建或删除时需要多指定一个Standby关键字

SQL>alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 '+ORAFLASH/racheren/onlinelog/group_5.log' size 50M;

SQL>alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 6 '+ORAFLASH/racheren/onlinelog/group_6.log' size 50M;

单实例上不需要thread标识

SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/oradata/racheren/onlinelog/group_6.log' size 50M;

删除方式：

SQL>alter database drop standby logfile grop 6

查询方式：

SQL>select group#,thread#,sequence#,archived,status from v$standby_log;

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01156: recovery or flashback in progress may need access to files

--在备库添加standby redo log需要先停MRP

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

测试物理备库功能

测试文件同步

查看主备库的表空间信息

select tablespace_name, file_name from dba_data_files;

主库创建表空间查看备库是否同步

create tablespace dg_tbs datafile size 5m;

主库删除表空间查看备库是否同步

drop tablespace dg_tbs including contents and datafiles;

测试数据同步

①主库创建测试表：

② 备库查看测试表同步：

Create table tmp_test(id number);

Insert into tmp_test values(1);

Commit;

Select * from tmp_test;

测试DATAGUARD SWITCHOVER功能

RAC主库、ActiveDataguard角色切换

即rac主库切换为物理备库，物理备库切换为rac主库。

①主库修改相关参数fal_client、fal_server：

fal_server 指定为主库即primary的网络服务名

fal_client 指定为备库即standby的网络服务名

通常来说，主库和备库是反过来的，便于主备库的切换。

首先需要确保主库采用spfile启动，然后在其中任何一个节点执行以下命令:

alter system set fal_client='racdb1' sid='racdb1';

alter system set fal_client='racdb2' sid='racdb2';

alter system set fal_server='phydb' sid='*';

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora

SQL> show parameter fal

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

fal_client string

fal_server string

SQL> alter system set fal_client='racdb1' sid='racdb1';

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